Text, Subtext, Context, Pretext
These are the four primary layers of any written story.
The four primary layers of any written story are Text, the actual words on the page; Context, the background or setting in which the story takes place; Subtext, the underlying meaning or message conveyed through both the text and context; and Pretext the underlying reason or motive for an action that is not immediately obvious.
1. TEXT is what is said - it is the “outer world” of the character. Text is the literal content of the story, including the dialogue, narration, and descriptions. It’s what is directly stated or shown on the page or screen.
"Text" refers to the explicit, surface-level content of a story, including the dialogue, actions, and events that are directly observable or stated. The "Text" is what is spoken or shown on screen, the explicit plot points, and the direct communication between characters. It is the dialogue between characters, the physical movements, the setting, and the events that occur.
2. SUBTEXT is what is thought – it is the “inner world” of the character. Subtext refers to the implied meaning of the text. It’s what is not directly stated, but can be inferred from the dialogue and actions of the characters.
"Subtext" refers to the underlying meaning or message that is conveyed through the dialogue, actions, and events of a story. It is the unspoken thoughts, emotions, and motivations of the characters that are not explicitly stated but are implied or suggested.
"Subtext" is often communicated through subtle cues, such as tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions, that hint at deeper meanings or hidden agendas.
3. CONTEXT is the “circumstances or background information” that clarifies the meaning of the text and subtext. It includes the time period, setting and customs that influence a character's actions and motivations.
It provides the “who, what, where, when, and why” of the story, establishing the tone, atmosphere, and realism that allow audiences to connect with characters and events on a deeper level. Context influences characters’ decisions by providing the backdrop for their actions, with historical events or personal history adding authenticity to the story.
4. PRETEXT refers to a superficial or stated reason given for an action, which is often used to conceal the true motive or intention behind it. Pretext is typically more acceptable or socially palatable than the real reason, and it serves as a cover for the underlying agenda.
In some cases, the pretext might be plausible on the surface, but upon closer examination, it’s clear that it is not the genuine cause or motivation. Understanding pretexts is crucial for uncovering hidden agendas and recognizing when reasons for actions may not fit with the true intent.
By analyzing the context and outcomes of certain actions, the real motivations often become more apparent. Being aware of pretexts helps characters navigate situations with more critical awareness, questioning surface-level explanations.I am a Director and Film Directing Coach. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0551106/
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